View source for 61994 The Great Marquess

[[File: 61994_20120415.jpg |thumb|300px|right| 61994 The Great Marquess]]
LNER K4 class '''61994 The Great Marquess''' was resident on the SVR between 1972 and 2005, during which time it chiefly ran with its original number and livery as '''LNER 3442'''. It returned as a Gala visitor in spring 2010.

==Service==
The Great Marquess is the only surviving example of six LNER K4 class 3-cylinder 2-6-0 Mogul locomotives which were designed by Sir Nigel Gresley for use on the steeply graded West Highland Line from Glasgow to Fort William and Mallaig.  They were more powerful than the earlier K2 class but fitted with a smaller boiler than the K3 class, the latter class being too heavy for that line. 

The locomotive was out-shopped from the LNER Darlington works in June 1938 and entered service as LNER No 3442.  A post-war renumbering exercise by the LNER saw the locomotive become No 1994 in September 1946, with a further re-numbering to 61994 by BR in 1948.

The locomotive's working life was mostly spent allocated to the Eastfield Depot at Glasgow. In December 1959 it was transferred to Thornton Junction in Fife, where its final year was spent working goods trains and local passenger services in the east of Scotland. 61994 was withdrawn from service by BR in December 1961.

==Preservation==
The Great Marquess was bought from BR in 1962 by [[The Earl of Lindsay | David, Viscount Garnock]] (later the Earl of Lindsay) and sent to Cowlairs Works in Glasgow to be repaired and restored back to LNER livery.  In April 1963 it moved to Leeds (Neville Hill) depot, from where it worked a number of main line rail tours between May 1963 and April 1967.  These included the Stephenson Locomotive Society tour on 19 September 1965 from Birmingham Snow Hill via Worcester to [[Bewdley]], from where the Society visited [[Alveley Sidings]] with a special train hauled by GWR locomotives 4555 and 1420.<ref>[http://www.sixbellsjunction.co.uk/60s/650919sl.html Six Bells Junction]</ref> 
<gallery mode=packed heights=200px style="text-align:left">
S2471_3442_1965_DavidCooke.jpg|3442 at Worcester in September 1965 (David Cooke)
</gallery>

It also hauled the Gilt Edge Carpets train at [[Kidderminster mainline station]] in 1965.<ref>[https://www.kidderminstershuttle.co.uk/news/19585750.nostalgia-train-helped-sell-kidderminster-carpet/#gallery0  'Nostalgia: How the train helped to sell Kidderminster carpet', Kidderminster Shuttle, 19 September 2021] (Retrieved 28 May 2024)</ref> [[Andrew Marsden-Smedley|Gilt Edge]] used an exhibition train, from which coaches [[LMS 7511 Restaurant First Open|7511]] and LMS Third Open 9355 (since converted to [[LMS 149 Buffet Car|Buffet Car 149]]) were later donated to the SVR. 

Following the BR steam ban in 1968, the locomotive was stored in Neville Hill roundhouse awaiting boiler repairs.

By the early 1970s, Viscount Garnock was already associated with the fledgling SVR, being a non-executive Director of both the original [[Guarantee Company|Severn Valley Railway Company]] and its successor, [[SVR(H)]], from incorporation in 1972. In spring 1972 SVR News announced that "''It is pleasing to be able to record that the L.N.E.R. K4 Class 2-6-0 No. 3442 "The Great Marquess" owned by our Director, The Viscount Garnock, is shortly to be moved to [[Bridgnorth]]. After necessary repair work, principally concerned with the boiler, the engine is to be used on the Severn Valley Line. "The Great Marquess" is within the axle loading of the SVR.''"<ref>SVR News 23, Spring 1972</ref> The later statement seemed peculiar at the time, in that the locomotive's axle weight (in excess of 19 tons) exceeded the limit of 17 tons 12 cwt specified in the SVR's Light Railway Order granted in May 1970.<ref group="note">The original LRO applied to the north section of the line; the same restriction also applied to the LRO for the southern section between Alveley and Bewdley</ref>

The locomotive was moved from Neville Hill to Bewdley in BR freight train workings over the three days 6-9 September 1972. From there it was hauled to Bridgnorth by [[3205]] where work on a firebox repair and re-tubing was undertaken.<ref>SVR News 25, Autumn 1972</ref> The repaired boiler was steam tested in mid-June 1973<ref>SVR News 28, Summer 1973</ref>, after which the locomotive ran a number of proving trips, accumulating 185 miles in 11 days in steam during 1973.<ref>SVR News 30, Winter 1973-74</ref>

<gallery mode=packed heights=200px style="text-align:left">
S2624_3442_1973_DavidCooke.jpg|3442 at Bridgnorth in early 1973 (David Cooke)
S0671_3442_1973_DavidCooke.jpg|3442 on a proving trip in late 1973 (David Cooke)
</gallery>

3442 was steamed on one further occasion in early 1974, but was then stored after accumulating a total of just 200 miles on the SVR. In Autumn 1974, Viscount Garnock reported in SVR News that the original move to the SVR had been at the request of the then Shedmaster and Superintendent of the Line,<ref group="note">Not named, but presumably Arthur Becker.</ref> and that he (Viscount Garnock) had only agreed to the move after being "'' …given the assurance (a) that the necessary maintenance could be done, and (b) that despite its axle load in excess of 19 tons, there would be no restriction to its running.''" As the latter condition could not be met, he suggested that the locomotive would move temporarily to the North Yorkshire Moors Railway where it could be used. In the meantime, a programme of work would be undertaken to upgrade the line.<ref>SVR News 33, Autumn 1974</ref>

A year later, the locomotive was still stored at the SVR awaiting the move. It was noted at the time that although the boiler had been repaired, the axle boxes and motion required extensive overhaul before a return to service would be possible, while difficulties with arranging road transport meant the locomotive might remain at the SVR.<ref>SVR News 37, Autumn 1975</ref>

3442 spent a period stored at [[Arley]] in the PW Department siding, returning to Bridgnorth in autumn 1978. In the same year the Locomotive Agreement was signed between the owner and the SVR confirming that the locomotive would remain at the SVR.<ref>SVR News 49, 50</ref>and the slow process of restoration began, with work initially limited to dismantling and storing parts.<ref group="note">The standard Agreement was that initial restoration by the SVR was a contract job paid for by the owner; after use on the Railway the SVR would then overhaul the locomotive to return it to working order.</ref> The locomotive was finally moved onto the jacks in the works in summer 1984 for work on the bottom end, which was completed by spring 1985. By that summer the mechanical repair was almost complete, although exploratory work on the boiler was only just beginning.<ref>SVR News 72, 75, 76</ref> This revealed that substantial work was required, including manufacture of a new throat plate. Work on the boiler continued through 1986 and 1987, culminating in a successful steam test in January 1988.<ref>SVR News 87</ref> May 1988 saw the boiler back in the frames, with a successful test run to Bewdley in December of that year.<ref>SVR News 88, 91</ref>

The Great Marquess was repainted in LNER livery as No 3442 and was re-named by BR Chairman Sir Robert Reid at a ceremony held on 18 April 1989 at [[Kidderminster|Kidderminster Town]].<ref>SVR News 92</ref> Although not fully run in, the locomotive starred at the [[Spring Steam Gala]] four days later.  Having received its main line certification, The Great Marquess set off in early July for a fortnight on the West Highland Line between Fort William and Mallaig.  On 15 July the Earl, although ill, rode on the footplate of his engine as it departed from Fort William. Sadly he died 16 days later on 1 August 1989.<ref>SVR News 93</ref>

<gallery mode=packed heights=200px style="text-align:left">
The_Earl_of_Lindsay.jpg|The Earl of Lindsay (left) with Sir Robert Reid at the naming ceremony (David Wilcock/SVR News)
</gallery>

The following years saw the Great Marquess working several [[The Severn Valley Railway on the main line|main line rail tours]], while also working and undergoing repair at the SVR. Brief periods were also spent [[SVR-based locomotives visiting other events|on hire]] to the Nene Valley and Bluebell railways. An early main line highlight was hauling a 530 ton load northbound from Leeds over the Settle and Carlisle line in 1990 without stopping for a 'blow up'.<ref>SVR News 96</ref> On Sunday 13 May 1990, the normal SVR summertime Table C timetable unknowingly achieved a 'full house' by rostering [[4566|GWR 4566]], [[34027|SR 34027 Taw Valley]], [[46443|LMS 46443]], and [[75069|BR Standard 75069]] along with 3442 representing the LNER.

Autumn 1994 was spent in Scotland on the West Highland Line as part of the 'ScotRail' celebrations.<ref>SVR News 111</ref> In 1996 the locomotive was failed with poor boiler tubes, but a group of enthusiasts clubbed together to pay for it to be re-tubed to see out its '10-year ticket' which was due to expire in January 1998.<ref>SVR News 120</ref> During summer 1997 the locomotive was repainted in lined BR black by members of the [[Severn Valley Railway Association |SVR South East branch]], and "a group of like-minded railway photographers" for a planned series of photo charters on the SVR. Shortly afterwards, the locomotive suffered a more serious failure This was described in SVR News as "''the driver's side driving wheel has moved on the stub axle by nearly one-sixteenth of an inch as well as the centre crank pin, which has moved on both sides of the crank pin so that the inside crank webs can physically be seen to be out of alignment''". The failure would require a major rebuild of the centre driving axle, as a result of which 3442 joined the SVR’s 'long term' repair queue.<ref>SVR News 124, 125</ref>

By early 2003 the locomotive had been made available for sale by the family of the late Earl of Lindsay, leading to much speculation as to who would purchase it.  Around that time John Cameron and Jamie, Lord Lindsay both attended a House of Lords Select Committee hearing. Their 'chance meeting' led to a deal for the former to purchase the locomotive being completed some 24 hours later, with the terms being agreed 'in minutes'. On 25 April 2003 John Cameron held a news conference at the SVR, confirming that 3442 would remain on the SVR where the overhaul would be undertaken. [[Alun Rees]] confirmed that the locomotive would join the overhaul queue and that once started, the work should take between eighteen months and two years to complete and would include the fitting of air brakes and TPWS.<ref>SVR News 143, Spring 2003, John Whitehouse, ''The future of the 'Great Marquess'''</ref> Unfortunately it transpired that due to the workload at Bridgnorth, the overhaul could not be completed within the timescale required by the new owner. As a result, the Great Marquess left the SVR in spring of 2005, initially moving to Crewe/Bury for repairs.<ref>SVR News 150</ref>

After that time 3442 was mainly based at Thornton Depot near John Cameron's home in Fife. In summer 2006 John Cameron's other locomotive [[LNER 60009 Union of South Africa]] also left the SVR, SVR News reporting that he "''...wants his engines back where he has quick and easy access, as he is no longer inclined to travel so far, and he wants to enjoy them more readily.''"<ref>SVR News 155</ref>

In March 2010 the Great Marquess made its only return visit to the SVR, appearing in BR Black livery as 61994 for the [[Spring Gala|spring ‘Reunion’ Gala]]. It last ran in October 2015, and in 2017 was moved to the Bo'ness & Kinneil Railway for static display. It was subsequently announced that it would be withdrawn from active service and housed permanently in a new Balbuthie Open Farm Visitor Centre, St Monans with [[LNER 60009 Union of South Africa]]. The locomotives were resident there by 2023<ref>[https://www.steamrailway.co.uk/read/issue-547/retirement-home Steam Railway magazine, Issue 547, August 2023]</ref>. 

==See also==
*[[Former Residents]]
*[[The Severn Valley Railway on the main line]]

==Notes==
<references group="note"/>

==References==
<references/>

==Links==
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LNER_Class_K4 LNER Class K4 on Wikipedia]
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LNER_Gresley_K4_61994_The_Great_Marquess 61994 The Great Marquess on Wikipedia]

{{FormerSteamNavbox}}
[[Category:Featured articles]]